APN'S YouTube Channel

Thursday, February 8, 2024

ETHICS AND VALUES, SEMESTER-1, 100 IMPORTANT OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS, Odisha State Model Syllabus

What is the basic aim of education?

Ans: All-round development of an individual is the basic aim of Education.

 

What type of education is ethics and values?

Ans: Ethics and Values are the components of moral education.

 

What does moral education promote?

Ans: Moral Education promotes diversity, tolerance, mutual respect and pluralistic views.

 

Mention any factor which you feel is responsible for the degradation of values in society?

Ans: The socio-cultural changes like transition from joint family to nuclear family system, dysfunctional families, excessive competition, parental expectations, commercialisation of education, increased crime and violence, effect of media and information overload, misuse of information technology, globalisation, consumerism are responsible for distortion and degeneration of values.

 

Write down one objective of ethics and value education.

Ans: Ethics and value education enable an individual distinguish between what is right and what is wrong.

 

Define social progress.

Ans: Social progress means making society better in fair ways. It's about treating everyone equally, protecting people's rights, taking care of the environment, letting everyone have a say in how things are run, including everyone no matter who they are,

 

How is gender equality related to human development?

Ans: Society is constituted by men and women. Both men and women contribute to the society’s smooth functioning. Hence gender equality in society will ensure human development in real sense.

 

 

Write down Gandhiji's version on women's education.

Ans: “If you educate a man, you educate an individual but if you educate a woman, you educate an entire family.”

 

 

 

What is the basic motto of “social progress”?

Ans: The basic motto of social progress is, “No one is left behind.”

 

What are the stages a woman passes through in her lifecycle?

Ans: There are 6 definable stages in a woman’s life. They are: Pre-natal stage, Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence, Reproductive stage, Elderly stage.

 

Mention any factor that amounts to bring gender inequality in society?

Ans: Factors that bring gender inequality are: Customary Practices, Age-old beliefs, unequal power relations and social institutions that do not treat men and women equally.

 

Write down a desirable gender related value you have imbibed from your study of the module on “Issues related to women’?

Ans: Desirable gender related values: Gender Justice, Gender Justice, Dignity of Women, Eradication of discrimination on the grounds of sex, Respecting and honouring the human rights of women, Developing compassion, care and respect for women, Social and economic inclusion of women.

 

 

What is pre-natal sex selection?

Ans: Pre-natal sex selection refers to the practice of choosing the sex of a child before birth.

 

How does pre-natal sex selection affect women?

Ans: The detection of a female foetus before birth often results killing of the foetus in the womb. It is a major cause of declining sex ration.

 

Define the concept of “Parayadhan”.

Ans: Daughters are considered as properties of others. Hence, the concept of Parayadhan comes up.

 

Mention the districts of Odisha that have low female sex ratio?

Ans: Nayagarh, Dhenkanal, Khorda and Anugul districts have a low sex-ratio.

 

What is PCPNDT?

Ans: PCPNDT means Pre-conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques ACT. This ACT bans pre-natal sex determination.

 

What lesson does the Devan story indicate to you?

Ans: Devan village story indicates that society cannot continue without women.

 

Which right of a girl is violated when we kill her as a foetus in the mother's womb?

Ans: The right to life is violated when a girl is killed as a foetus in the womb.

 

Mention a gender bias you see around you in your family?

Ans: In many families a son is given better educational opportunities, given better nutrition and access to health facilities. Whereas a daughter’s access to such facilities is severely restricted. These are some prevalent examples of gender bias.

 

State the ethical concerns you find in gender bias?

Ans: Gender bias raises ethical questions in connection with equal opportunity, equality and human rights, fairness, dignity and respect

 

Suggest a measure that you feel appropriate to change family's’ attitude towards girls?

Ans: In which year the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizen's Act was passed in India?

In the year 2007, the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizen's Act was passed in India.

 

Write down the basic rights the daughters need to enjoy in a family according to you?

Ans: Daughters in a family should have the fundamental rights to equal education, healthcare, freedom from discrimination, personal autonomy, safety, participation, and financial independence.

 

Mention a way in which you can keep your grandparents happy.

Ans: One way to keep your grandparents happy is by spending quality time with them, listening to their stories, and showing them love and appreciation through gestures like helping with chores or running errands for them.

 

Mention a change in the practice against widows you desire in the society.

Ans: One change I desire in society's treatment of widows is to end the stigma and discrimination they face, ensuring they have access to support services, resources, and opportunities to live fulfilling lives with dignity and respect.

 

What is gender-based division of labour?

Ans: Gender-based division of labour means that certain jobs or tasks are assigned to people based on their gender, like women being expected to do housework while men work outside the home.

 

Is gender-based division of labour a healthy practice?

Ans: Gender-based division of labour is not inherently healthy, as it often reinforces gender stereotypes, limits opportunities for individuals based on their gender, and contributes to gender inequality. It can prevent people from pursuing their interests and talents freely and may lead to unequal distribution of resources and power within society.

 

Why it is a need to recognize women's domestic labour?

Ans: Recognizing women's domestic labour acknowledges their contributions, promotes gender equality, and values their work within households and society.

 

How can we liberate women from their care functions?

Ans: We can liberate women from their care functions by promoting gender equality through policies and practices that support shared caregiving responsibilities, providing affordable and accessible childcare services, promoting flexible work arrangements, challenging traditional gender roles and stereotypes, and ensuring equal access to education and employment opportunities for women.

 

 

What you feel needs priority to provide women a safe work space?

Ans: Providing women with a safe work space requires prioritizing several key measures, including implementing strong anti-discrimination and anti-harassment policies, fostering a culture of respect and accountability, ensuring confidential reporting mechanisms for incidents, offering comprehensive training on gender sensitivity and sexual harassment prevention, promoting gender diversity in leadership positions, and actively addressing systemic barriers to women's advancement in the workplace.

 

Which function makes women unique?

Ans: One function that can make women unique is their ability to conceive and give birth to children.

 

 

 

Define gender justice.

Ans: Gender justice refers to the fair and equitable treatment of individuals of all genders, ensuring that everyone has equal rights, opportunities, and access to resources regardless of their gender identity or expression. It involves challenging and addressing systemic discrimination, biases, and inequalities based on gender, and promoting social, economic, and political empowerment for all genders.

 

As a child how can you give justice to your mother's work?

Ans: As a child, you can give justice to your mother's work by showing appreciation and gratitude for her efforts, helping with household chores and caregiving responsibilities, respecting her decisions and opinions, and advocating for her rights and well-being within the family and society.

 

How can you do away with the culture of violence against women?

Ans: To combat the culture of violence against women, we need to educate, raise awareness, enforce laws, provide support services, empower women, engage men, monitor media representation, and mobilize communities.

 

What was the traditional method of giving consent or exercising choice in marriage among the royal families called? 

 

Answer: Swayambar

 

Which article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights talks about the free and full consent of the intending spouse?

 

Answer: Article 16(2) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.

 

 

What is the opposite of free consent in marriage? Do you feel it is acceptable to you?

Ans: The opposite of free consent in marriage is coerced or forced marriage, which involves individuals being pressured or compelled into marriage against their will. Coerced or forced marriage is never acceptable and violates fundamental human rights, including the right to autonomy and freedom of choice.

 

 

 

Spell out a reason for which many Indian families go for marriage without the consent of the girls.

Ans: Some Indian families may arrange marriages without the girl's consent due to traditional beliefs and a focus on family honour over individual choice.

 

How does the U.K. Home Office, Report,2017 describe the forced marriage situation of India?

Ans: According to the U.K. Home Office, Report,2017 India is among the top four countries as far as forced marriages were concerned.  

 

How forced marriage is forbidden in the Quran?

Ans: Ouran forbids a Muslim man to take a woman as his wife without her consents. In Islam a marriage is invalid without the consent of the woman.

 

Which human right does forced-marriage or marriage without consent violate?

Ans: Forced marriage or marriage without consent violates several human rights, including the right to freedom of choice, the right to autonomy and self-determination, the right to marry only with free and full consent, and the right to be free from coercion and discrimination.

 

Mention an Act that prevents forced marriage in India.

Ans: The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 includes provisions to prevent and protect individuals from forced marriage in India. Also, Prohibition of child Marriage ACT, 2006 try to prevent forced marriages.

 

What is honour killing?

Ans: Honour killing is the act of killing a person, typically a woman, by family members or relatives due to the belief that the victim has brought shame or dishonour upon the family, often through actions such as marrying against the family's wishes, engaging in premarital or extramarital relationships, or dressing in a manner deemed inappropriate by traditional or cultural standards.

 

In which states of India honour killing is more prevalent?

Ans: In Panjab and Haryana, honour killing is more prevalent.

 

Mention a reason for which you feel child marriage is not ethically sound.

Ans: Child marriage violates children's rights, deprives them of their childhood, and perpetuates cycles of poverty and inequality.

 

According to you, which articles of the Indian Constitution is violated by the practice of child marriage?

Ans: Child marriage violates several articles of the Indian Constitution, including:

 

1. Article 19: Right to freedom

2. Article 21: Right to life and personal liberty

 

Which gender group becomes a higher victim of marriage without consent?

Ans: In India, girls are more often victims of marriage without consent.

 

Give a reason for which you feel that child marriage is anti- human in character?

Ans: Child marriage is anti-human in character because it undermines the basic rights and dignity of individuals. It denies children the opportunity to develop fully as human beings, robbing them of their autonomy, education, and freedom of choice. By subjecting them to early marriage, often against their will, it perpetuates a cycle of oppression and violates their fundamental human rights to safety, health, and self-determination.

 

Suggest a measure to change a community's attitude to give preference to consent over customary laws.

Ans: One measure to change a community's attitude and prioritize consent over customary laws is through education and awareness campaigns.

 

State the minimum age of marriage prescribed for boys and girls in India.

Ans: The legal age for marriage for boys and girls is 21 and 18 years respectively.

 

What can you do to put an end to child marriage in your family?

Ans: We need to safeguard the human rights of girls by giving them opportunities. Thus, we can avoid child marriages.

 

In which state of India mass child marriage takes place on the day of Akshaya Tritiya?

Ans: In the state of Madhya Pradesh of India mass child marriage takes place on the day of Akshaya Tritiya.

 

What ideal the Bal Mitra Gram project of Kailash Satyarthi's Foundation was trying to promote among the children in the state of Rajasthan?

Ans: It works towards preventing child exploitation such as child trafficking, child labour and child marriage.

 

Who was the child iconic ambassador of this Bal Mitra Programme in Rajasthan?

Ans: Payal was the child iconic ambassador of this Bal Mitra Programme in Rajasthan.

 

Mention the child rights violated through child marriage?

Ans: Child marriages violate the right to education and health.

 

Bring out a major differentiation between the concept of dowry as prevalent earlier and today.

Ans: A significant differentiation between the concept of dowry as prevalent earlier and today is that historically, dowry was often viewed as a gift given by the bride's family to the groom's family as part of marriage arrangements, whereas today, dowry is more commonly associated with demands made by the groom's family, often leading to financial burden, exploitation, and even harassment of the bride and her family.

 

What was the justification for giving “Streedhan”?

Ans: Streedhan, or gifts given to a bride at the time of marriage, was justified as a way to give women financial security and independence, so they have their own money and belongings to use as they need, and to show appreciation for the bride's role in the new family.

 

What is the present conversion of the concept of “Streedhan”?

Ans: ‘Streedhan’ now functions as ‘Purushadhan’ and the groom feels to be entitled to it.

 

Write a major consequence of dowry practice on gender equality.

Ans: The dowry system creates gender inequality, promotes corruption, places a heavy economic burden on the bride’s family.

 

 

 

What is the amount given by the groom to the bride's side is called under Islamic tradition?

Ans: The amount given by the groom to the bride's side under Islamic tradition is called "Mahr" or "Mahar."

 

Define dower.

Ans: Dower, also known as "Mahr" or "Mahar" in some cultures, is a financial provision or gift given by the groom to the bride as part of an Islamic marriage contract. It is a mandatory obligation and symbolizes the groom's commitment to support the bride financially.

 

In which year the Dowry prevention Act came into force in our country?

Ans: The Dowry Prohibition Act came into force in India in the year 1961.

 

Suggest a changed value to end dowry.

Ans: One changed value to end dowry could be promoting the idea of marriage based on mutual respect and partnership, rather than material exchange.

 

Write the nature of family violence you find to be very common in your surroundings.

Ans: Domestic violence is unfortunately common. This can include physical abuse, emotional or psychological abuse, verbal abuse, and financial abuse within families.

 

Mention the name of a state that has launched safe houses for girls to save them from honour killing.

Ans: One state that has launched safe houses for girls to save them from honor killings is Punjab, India.

 

What is femicide?

Ans: Femicide refers to the intentional killing of women or girls because they are female. It encompasses various forms of gender-based violence, including domestic violence, honour killings, and killings related to gender discrimination. Femicide reflects deep-rooted social, cultural, and systemic issues that perpetuate violence against women and girls.

 

Point out a form of femicide.

Ans: One form of femicide is "honour killing," where women or girls are murdered by family members due to the belief that they have brought shame or dishonour upon the family, often by engaging in behaviours perceived as violating traditional norms or values.

 

Give your idea about which value femicide violates.

Ans: Femicide violates the rights to life and gender equality, perpetuating a cycle of violence against women and girls.

 

As a young citizen what action you can take up to end femicide coming to your notice.

Ans: As a young citizen, you can take action to end femicide by raising awareness through social media campaigns, participating in advocacy efforts for policy change, supporting organizations that work to combat gender-based violence, and promoting education and dialogue about gender equality and respectful relationships in your community.

 

What is the corelation between gender equality and domestic violence.

Ans: Countries with less gender equality experience higher rates of domestic violence.

 

What change in value you can suggest to put an end to

domestic violence?

Ans: One significant change in value to put an end to domestic violence is fostering a culture of mutual respect, empathy, and equality within all relationships, where violence in any form is condemned and where individuals feel empowered to seek help and support without fear of judgment or reprisal.

 

Mention the types of domestic violence.

Ans: In 1993, The United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women defined domestic violence as: Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family including battering, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non-spousal violence and violence related to exploitation.

 

Among which community Female Genital Mutilation is common?

Ans: In Muslim Bohra community Female Genital Mutilation is common

 

What are the ethical concerns you see in Female Genital Mutilation?

Ans: Female Genital Mutilation is a violation of human rights.

 

During the World War -II which type of domestic violence was undertaken in large measures?

Ans: During the World War -II , the domestic violence of forced sterilisation was undertaken in large measures.

 

How does family violence according to you is against desirable gender values? Give a single reason.

Ans: Violence undermine the status of women in family and keep them at the mercy of men. This is against desirable gender values like equality and mutual respect.  

 

How gender equality is violated in case of STEM Education.

Ans: Gender equality in STEM education is violated through biased representation, societal expectations, discrimination, lack of role models, and institutional barriers that discourage girls from pursuing and excelling in these fields.

 

What does STEM stand for?

Ans: STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.

 

What can you do to ensure freedom of choice to your female counterparts?

Ans: To ensure freedom of choice for my female counterparts, I can advocate for equal opportunities, challenge stereotypes, support their autonomy, and promote inclusivity in all aspects of life.

 

Write down a safety issue a woman faces at her work place?

Ans: A safety issue a woman may face in her workplace is sexual harassment or assault.

 

How does workplace bring gender discrimination?

Ans: Workplaces perpetuate gender discrimination through factors such as the gender pay gap, limited career advancement opportunities for women, sexual harassment, unequal treatment, and stereotyping.

 

Mention the way you can honour women's contribution at home?

Ans: You can honour women's contributions at home by recognizing and appreciating their labour, sharing household responsibilities equitably, respecting their decisions and autonomy, and actively supporting their personal and professional goals.

 

What makes women's work invisible?

Ans: Women's work becomes invisible due to societal norms that devalue traditionally feminine tasks, unpaid labour, and the gendered division of labour which often prioritizes men's contributions in paid employment.

 

Give an example of gender stereotyping at work.

Ans: An example of gender stereotyping at work is assuming that women are better suited for nurturing or care-giving roles, while men are perceived as more competent for leadership or technical positions, despite individual qualifications or capabilities.

 

What does Mamata Sahu's story teach you?

Ans: Mamata Sahu's success as an assistant loco pilot proves that with determination and hard work, anyone can break gender stereotypes and excel in traditionally male-dominated fields.

 

Recommend a means to end gender stereotyping at work.

Ans: By allowing women to enter the employment market and giving them an equal space there in we can ensure to end gender stereotyping.

 

Define glass ceiling.

Ans: The glass ceiling is like an invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from reaching top positions in their careers, despite their qualifications and abilities.

 

How is glass ceiling against the values of gender equality?

Ans: The glass ceiling prevents women from advancing to top positions in their careers, which goes against the principle of gender equality by limiting their opportunities for leadership and advancement based solely on their gender.

 

Name a woman whom you feel has broken the glass ceiling.

Ans: Prof Geetanjali Dash, Vice Chancellor of Berhampur University, has broken the glass ceiling by becoming the a female to hold this position, shattering gender barriers and inspiring others with her leadership and accomplishments.

 

Which is recognised as the first Women's Rights Movement of the world?

Ans: The Seneca Falls Convention, held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, is widely recognized as the first Women's Rights Convention and is considered a landmark event in the history of the women's rights movement.

 

 

 

What is CEDAW?

Ans: CEDAW stands for Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. It's an international legal treaty adopted in 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly, and instituted in 1981. 

 

Mention the world-wide movement that brought harassment of women at workplace to social media exposure.

Ans: The worldwide movement that brought harassment of women at the workplace to social media exposure is #MeToo.

 

Suggest a gender value you cherish to be introduced to reduce role conflict among women.

Ans: Promote the value of "shared responsibility" to reduce role conflict among women.

 

Give one examples of gendered language.

Ans: One example of gendered language is the use of "policeman" instead of the gender-neutral term "police officer."

 

Give one example of sexist language that you have studied.

Ans: The use of the word “item” for a woman is derogatory. It is an example of sexist language.

 

In which year the Sexual Harassment at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, Redressal) Act was passed in Indian Parliament?

Ans: The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act was passed by the Indian Parliament in 2013. The Act's main goal is to protect women from sexual harassment in the workplace.

 

What values we need to imbibe to make the society a safe place for our women?

Ans: Creating a safe society for women requires values like respect, equality, empathy, consent, education, accountability, empowerment, challenging stereotypes, community engagement, and supportive legislation.

 

What word we can use in place of ‘Mankind’ to make it gender neutral?

Ans: A gender-neutral alternative to "Mankind" could be "humanity."

 

 

How can we replace the word” FIREMAN' to make it gender neutral?

Ans: A gender-neutral alternative to "fireman" could be "firefighter." This term is commonly used to refer to individuals regardless of gender who work in firefighting and fire safety.

 

Here is a list of words and their corresponding gender-neutral terms

 

Mankind

Humanity

Man’s Achievement

Human achievement

The common man

The average person, ordinary people

Chairman

Chairperson

Businessman

Business executive

Layman

Lay person

Fore Father

Ancestor

Early man

Early People

Fireman

Fire fighter

Salesman

Sales person

 

 

Wednesday, April 12, 2023

A Tribute to Reynold’s 045 Fine Carbure

From the pen-APN

Three decades before, the shelves of shops were not lined with as many pen brands as they are today, and the world was much quieter with fewer distractions. There were no beeps, notifications, ringing alarms, honking horns, or traffic noises. Life was much simpler and elegant. The roads were not as congested, and fewer vehicles ran on them. Life was much like the "Reynolds 045 fine carbure" pen – simple, elegant, and unassuming. (I apologize for this somewhat out-of-place comparison, but I couldn't resist as Reynolds' tagline states, "If you want to change the world, pick up your pen and write.")
Those were the days of my youth, where life was unencumbered, and the characteristic smooth writing glide of the Reynolds 045 ball pen epitomized that period. The smoothness of the pen's ink on paper was the best experience I had ever encountered, which remains imprinted in my mind to date.
As a seventh-grade student, I was first introduced to that white-barrelled ball pen with the glossy navy-blue cap by a local vendor. The pen's exotic name," Reynolds 045" captivated me, and I immediately made it one of my prized possessions. The pen's appearance was incredibly fascinating, and it seemed to appeal to all government school students of my age due to its resemblance to our school uniform. In those days, white shirts and navy-blue trousers were a common feature of all state-run schools, and the pen's colour combination mirrored that. As an average student of a small government school in an unremarkable block headquarters, I shared a striking commonality with this pen model. In some way, the pen had become a part of student's identity by the 90s.
Today, there are countless pen brands to choose from. And selecting a single pen among the thousands of varieties becomes a Herculean task. Apart from this, even now, “If you want to change the world, pick up your pen and write."

Sunday, September 25, 2022

Operation Blackboard


From the pen -APN

 “You may be an engaging conversationalist or you may be an excellent orator but if you are teaching in a class then, please, use a piece of chalk and the blackboard.” Perhaps this is the best advice I can offer to all newcomers who take teaching as their profession. The power of using chalk and duster surpasses all sorts of presentation forms. May it be a PowerPoint presentation, Video presentation or digital board presentation-all presentation tools fall flat when the deft strokes of a piece of chalk act upon the black surface of a blackboard. Drawing or writing on a blackboard is way more effective than other forms of presentations because the use of a blackboard triggers better human responses to the presenter’s contents as compared to other forms of visual presentation. The interplay of human elements like one’s manual labour, care, handwriting, natural time delay in picturization, and involvement of the teachers and students in the teaching-learning process all become more telling when a class goes on with the aid of chalk and blackboard. Moreover, the blackboard as a teaching tool is low-cost and maintenance-free. 

The use of a blackboard has a great advantage at the subconscious level. When a teacher puts his/her efforts to present the contents on a blackboard, his/her efforts are recognised by the learners. This manual labour made by the teacher to enlighten the students gives a sort of moral credit to the teacher and it, in turn, inculcates a sense of respect among the learners for the teacher. Such a human bonding built on the basis of respect and care goes a long way in adding positive values to the process of education. As a teacher, whenever you come across self-doubt that your students are not respectful in conformation to your expectations. Then, start using the blackboard as a part of your classroom teaching. You will readily mark a shift in students’ attitudes. 

The use of blackboards in classrooms is an inseparable habit of many amazing teachers. However, many teachers with great potential deliberately refrain from using the chalk, duster and blackboard because it needs effort and compulsory washing of hands after each class. Further, for some teachers, the chalk dust that is produced by the use of blackboard makes things unattractive. As a result, most of the teachers in higher classes resort to the lecture method of teaching with minimal use of blackboards. 

The habit of using a blackboard for better classroom engagement can be formed by following the “law of least resistance.” The law of least resistance states that an organism will choose a course of action that appears to require the smallest amount of effort or expenditure of energy. In connection with the habit of using blackboards in the classroom, the said law can be maintained by using high-quality dustless chalk, a good set of dusters and a good quality blackboard. A one-time investment in quality products can make the writing experience smooth. It will conform to the law of least resistance and a newly appointed teacher may easily fall in love with the habit of writing on the blackboard. 

If you are a teacher and reading this piece of experience then take my words and go to the classroom with a few pieces of high-quality dustless chalk. You will feel like using the blackboard more and more. Last but not the least, the importance of the blackboard in shaping human civilisation is acknowledged in clear terms even by Dr APJ Abdul Kalam. In his words, “Black colour may be sentimentally bad but every blackboard makes the student’s life bright.”

 

Thursday, July 21, 2022

The comfort zone is where Dreams go and die

 

From the pen-APNSIR

Comfort is a drug. Once you get used to it, it becomes addicting. Give a weak person consistent sex, good food, cheap entertainment, and they will throw their ambitions right out the window. The comfort zone is where Dreams go and die.

“ଆରାମ ଏକ ମାଦକ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ ସଦୃଶ| ଥରେ ତୁମେ ଏଥିରେ ଅଭ୍ୟସ୍ତ ହୋଇଗଲେ ଏହା ନିଶାରେ ପରିଣତ ହୋଇଯାଏ | ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କୁ କ୍ରମାଗତ  ଭଲ ଖାଦ୍ୟ, ଶସ୍ତା ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନ ଓ ମଉଜ ମଜଲିସ୍ ପ୍ରଦାନ କର ଏବଂ ସେମାନେ ନିଜର ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ଓ ଅଭିଳାଷକୁ ରକା ବାହାରେ ଫୋପାଡି ପକାଇବେ | ଆରାମ ହେଉଛି ସେହି ସ୍ଥାନ ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ମଣିଷର ସ୍ୱପ୍ନ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ଶୀକାର ହୋଇଥାଏ |” 

@apnsir

Saturday, June 11, 2022

ETHICS AND VALUES (For Under Graduate Students of Odisha State)


Hi Friends,

By clicking the following link you can download the soft copy of the book on ETHICS AND VALUES which is published by Odisha State Bureau of Textbook Preparation and Production. Hope this book proves helpful to all my +3 First Semester Students students of Odisha State.

CLICK HERE

Yours truly

#apnsir